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Marketing Series - 2022

MARKETING - 1   MARKETING :            A Process by which companies create Value for customers and build strong customer relationship in order to capture Value from customers in return. The Marketing Process Marketing Process is a 5 Step Model where it includes: 1) Understand the Market Place and Needs and Want of Customers 2) Create a customer-centric marketing approach 3) Create an integrated marketing Plan that provides exceptional value. 4) Create profitable connections and delight your customers. and the Final Step (an important one from marketers point of view): 5) Profits and customer equity generated through capturing value from customers. Marketing Myopia Many businesses make the mistake of focusing on the specific products they offer rather than the benefits and experiences these products bring. This is called Marketing Myopia. The term was coined by the late Harvard Business School marketing professor, Theodore Levitt, in a 1960 article by the same name (republished in 2004

Financial Terminology Series - 7

Term of the Day Interest Expense When an entity borrowed funds whatever cost they incurred for borrowing the funds are  called Interest Expenses. They are non-operating expenses shown in the income statement. It signifies the interest payable on any borrowing be it a bonds, loans convertible debt or lines of credit. It is fundamentally calculated as the interest rate times the outstanding principal amount of the debt. It is essentially calculated as the interest rate times the outstanding principal amount of the debt.  Interest expense on the income statement represents interest accrued during the period covered by the financial statements, and not the amount of interest paid over that period. While interest expense is tax-deductible for companies, in an individual's case, it depends on his or her jurisdiction and also on the loan's purpose. For most people, mortgage interest is the single-biggest category of interest expense over their lifetimes as interes

Financial Terminology Series - 6

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Term Of the Day Indirect Tax A tax which is collected by an intermediary from its customers and later on pass on to the government. The intermediary ultimately become a collection agency to collect such taxes levies on Goods and Services.  Earlier in India, it was known as sales tax, Value added tax (VAT) but now replaced with GST – Goods and Service Tax. This is to bears by the consumers as the ultimate economic burden. Duties on import or taxes on fuel, liquor, and the cigarette, airline services, food services etc. are all the examples of indirect taxes. Taxes levied by the government at the Manufacturing or production level are considered as indirect taxes. Carbon emission fees imposed by the government in some countries are also an example of indirect tax. These all are the example of indirect taxes and ultimately passed along to consumers.

Financial Terminology Series - 5

Term for the day Risk Averse When an investor expects a similar return from two different investment but with different risk, they prefer the lower risk investment option, is called Risk Averse. Usually, Risk-Averse Investor dislikes risk and avoids adding high-risk investment i.e. Equity Shares etc. to their investment portfolio. Therefore they do not get a high rate of return on their investment. They prefer to invest in Safer Scheme i.e. Post Office Investment, Bank Deposits, and CD’s etc. offers lower interest returns.

Financial Terminology Series - 4

TERM OF THE DAY FIXED COST Fixed cost is the cost which does not get change with the change in goods or services increase or decrease in production or sale. Fixed cost is the operating expenses, borne by the manufacturer or service provider and remain associated independently with any business activity. Break Even analysis used in determining the pricing and production level or Sales turnover. Breakeven analysis is that condition in which company neither have profit nor Loss. Fixed costs are part of the total cost structure of a company. It plays a crucial role in guaranteeing its profitability.

Financial Terminology Series -3

TERM O F THE DAY Aggregate Demand The sum of all final goods and services produced in an economy expressed as the total amount of money exchanged for those goods and services, used as an economic measurement, is known as Aggregate Demand. As it only represents total output at a given price level and does not necessarily represent quality or standard of living because it is measured through market value. The Keynesian equation for aggregate demand is:                                                            AD = C+I+G+(Nx) Here : C mean           =    Consumer spending  on goods and services I   mean          =   Private investment and corporate spending for non-final  capital                               goods  (factories, equipment, etc.)           G mean         =    Government spending for public goods and social services                              ( infrastructure ,  Medicare , etc.) Nx                  =      Net expor

Financial Terminology Series -2

FISCAL POLICY The idea of Fiscal policy has been populated by the British Economist John Maynard Keynes (1883 - 1946). He believed in that, Government could change economic conditions by making adjustments in tax rate and government spending. Government or Regulators (i.e. RBI in India) to control the economy, try to better unemployment rates, control inflation, give stability to business cycles and impact interest rates. Example: Let we assume, the Indian market is witnessing Recession right now, to fuel the economy govt. reduce the tax rate on individual earning as well may be on goods and services also, in that case, people will have more money to spend or invest as they are paying fewer taxes. Increase in consumer Investment or spending will lead to economic growth. The government can also take another measure to increase the sentiment by providing more Job opportunities, for example; by making more flyovers, highways. As it will create more job opportunitie